What is the mechanism of action for nitrous oxide in sedation?

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as “laughing gas,” works primarily by depressing the central nervous system to induce sedation. When administered in appropriate concentrations, it produces an analgesic effect and a sense of euphoria, which contributes to patient comfort and anxiety reduction during dental procedures. This depressant action lowers the body's response to pain and elevates mood, allowing patients to feel more relaxed and less fearful.

While nitrous oxide does have mild analgesic properties and can make patients feel euphoric, it does not have effects related to stimulating the central nervous system or enhancing respiratory function. Additionally, while nitrous oxide provides some muscle relaxation as a secondary effect, it is not primarily classified as a muscle relaxant. The primary mechanism remains its ability to produce a state of minimal sedation by acting as a depressant in the central nervous system.